The Bite of the Honeybee: 2-Heptanone Secreted from HoneybeeMandibles During a Bite Acts as a Local Anaesthetic in Insects and MammalsHoneybees secrete 2-heptanone (2-H) from their mandibularglands when they bite. Researchers have identified several possible functions:2-H could act as an alarm pheromone to recruit guards and soldiers, it couldact as a chemical marker, or it could have some other function. The actual roleof 2-H in honeybee behaviour remains unresolved. In this study, we show that 2-H acts as an anaesthetic insmall arthropods, such as wax moth larva (WML) and Varroa mites, which areparalysed after a honeybee bite. We demonstrated that honeybee mandibles canpenetrate the cuticle of WML, introducing less than one nanolitre of 2-H intothe WML open circulatory system and causing instantaneous anaesthetization thatlasts for a few minutes. The first indication that 2-H acts as a localanaesthetic was that its effect on larval response, inhibition and recovery isvery similar to that of lidocaine. We compared the inhibitory effects of 2-Hand lidocaine on voltage-gated sodium channels. Although both compounds blockedthe hNav1.6 and hNav1.2 channels, lidocaine was slightly more effective, 2.82times, on hNav.6. In contrast, when the two compounds were tested using an ex vivopreparation–the isolated rat sciatic nerve–the function of the two compoundswas so similar that we were able to definitively classify 2-H as a localanaesthetic. Using the same method, we showed that 2-H has the fastestinhibitory effect of all alkyl-ketones tested, including the isomers 3- and4-heptanone. This suggests that natural selection may have favoured 2-H overother, similar compounds because of the associated fitness advantages itconfers. Our results reveal a previously unknown role of 2-H inhoneybee defensive behaviour and due to its minor neurotoxicity show potentialfor developing a new local anaesthetic from a natural product, which could beused in human and veterinary medicine.16 Aralık 2012 Pazar
Honey Bee Bite Acts as Anesthetic
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The Bite of the Honeybee: 2-Heptanone Secreted from HoneybeeMandibles During a Bite Acts as a Local Anaesthetic in Insects and MammalsHoneybees secrete 2-heptanone (2-H) from their mandibularglands when they bite. Researchers have identified several possible functions:2-H could act as an alarm pheromone to recruit guards and soldiers, it couldact as a chemical marker, or it could have some other function. The actual roleof 2-H in honeybee behaviour remains unresolved. In this study, we show that 2-H acts as an anaesthetic insmall arthropods, such as wax moth larva (WML) and Varroa mites, which areparalysed after a honeybee bite. We demonstrated that honeybee mandibles canpenetrate the cuticle of WML, introducing less than one nanolitre of 2-H intothe WML open circulatory system and causing instantaneous anaesthetization thatlasts for a few minutes. The first indication that 2-H acts as a localanaesthetic was that its effect on larval response, inhibition and recovery isvery similar to that of lidocaine. We compared the inhibitory effects of 2-Hand lidocaine on voltage-gated sodium channels. Although both compounds blockedthe hNav1.6 and hNav1.2 channels, lidocaine was slightly more effective, 2.82times, on hNav.6. In contrast, when the two compounds were tested using an ex vivopreparation–the isolated rat sciatic nerve–the function of the two compoundswas so similar that we were able to definitively classify 2-H as a localanaesthetic. Using the same method, we showed that 2-H has the fastestinhibitory effect of all alkyl-ketones tested, including the isomers 3- and4-heptanone. This suggests that natural selection may have favoured 2-H overother, similar compounds because of the associated fitness advantages itconfers. Our results reveal a previously unknown role of 2-H inhoneybee defensive behaviour and due to its minor neurotoxicity show potentialfor developing a new local anaesthetic from a natural product, which could beused in human and veterinary medicine.
The Bite of the Honeybee: 2-Heptanone Secreted from HoneybeeMandibles During a Bite Acts as a Local Anaesthetic in Insects and MammalsHoneybees secrete 2-heptanone (2-H) from their mandibularglands when they bite. Researchers have identified several possible functions:2-H could act as an alarm pheromone to recruit guards and soldiers, it couldact as a chemical marker, or it could have some other function. The actual roleof 2-H in honeybee behaviour remains unresolved. In this study, we show that 2-H acts as an anaesthetic insmall arthropods, such as wax moth larva (WML) and Varroa mites, which areparalysed after a honeybee bite. We demonstrated that honeybee mandibles canpenetrate the cuticle of WML, introducing less than one nanolitre of 2-H intothe WML open circulatory system and causing instantaneous anaesthetization thatlasts for a few minutes. The first indication that 2-H acts as a localanaesthetic was that its effect on larval response, inhibition and recovery isvery similar to that of lidocaine. We compared the inhibitory effects of 2-Hand lidocaine on voltage-gated sodium channels. Although both compounds blockedthe hNav1.6 and hNav1.2 channels, lidocaine was slightly more effective, 2.82times, on hNav.6. In contrast, when the two compounds were tested using an ex vivopreparation–the isolated rat sciatic nerve–the function of the two compoundswas so similar that we were able to definitively classify 2-H as a localanaesthetic. Using the same method, we showed that 2-H has the fastestinhibitory effect of all alkyl-ketones tested, including the isomers 3- and4-heptanone. This suggests that natural selection may have favoured 2-H overother, similar compounds because of the associated fitness advantages itconfers. Our results reveal a previously unknown role of 2-H inhoneybee defensive behaviour and due to its minor neurotoxicity show potentialfor developing a new local anaesthetic from a natural product, which could beused in human and veterinary medicine.
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