A Review of Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-LeukemicEffects of Phenolic Compounds in HoneyInt. J. Mol. Sci, 2012, 13(11), 15054-15073Abstract: Hematologic malignancies constitute about 9% ofall new cases of cancers as reported via the GLOBOCAN series by InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2008. So far, the conventionaltherapeutic and surgical approaches to cancer therapy have not been able tocurtail the rising incidence of cancers, including hematological malignancies,worldwide. The last decade has witnessed great research interest inbiological activities of phenolic compounds that include anticancer,anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, among other things. A large number ofanticancer agents combat cancer through cell cycle arrest, induction ofapoptosis and differentiation, as well as through inhibition of cell growth andproliferation, or a combination of two or more of these mechanisms. Variousphenolic compounds from different sources have been reported to be promisinganticancer agents by acting through one of these mechanisms. Honey, which has a long history of human consumption bothfor medicinal and nutritional uses, contains a variety of phenolic compoundssuch as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and tannins. This paper presents a review on the molecular mechanisms ofthe anti-leukemic activity of various phenolic compounds on cell cycle, cellgrowth and proliferation and apoptosis, and it advocates that more studiesshould be conducted to determine the potential role of honey in bothchemoprevention and chemotherapy in leukemia.
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